< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krammōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

An o-grade iterative verb from Proto-Indo-European *gromH-néh₂-ti, closely related to the strong verb *krimmaną.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkrɑm.mɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*krammōną[1]

  1. to squeeze

Inflection
Conjugation of *krammōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *krammō*krammǭ—*krammōi ?
2nd singular *krammōsi*krammōs*krammō*krammōsai*krammōsau
3rd singular *krammōþi*krammō*krammōþau*krammōþai*krammōþau
1st dual *krammōs*krammōw———
2nd dual *krammōþiz*krammōþiz*krammōþiz——
1st plural *krammōmaz*krammōm—*krammōnþai*krammōnþau
2nd plural *krammōþ*krammōþ*krammōþ*krammōnþai*krammōnþau
3rd plural *krammōnþi*krammōn*krammōnþau*krammōnþai*krammōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *krammōdǭ*krammōdēdį̄
2nd singular *krammōdēz*krammōdēdīz
3rd singular *krammōdē*krammōdēdī
1st dual *krammōdēdū*krammōdēdīw
2nd dual *krammōdēdudiz*krammōdēdīdiz
1st plural *krammōdēdum*krammōdēdīm
2nd plural *krammōdēdud*krammōdēdīd
3rd plural *krammōdēdun*krammōdēdīn
present past
participles *krammōndz*krammōdaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *krammōn
    • Old English: crammian
      • Middle English: crammen
    • Old Dutch: *krammōn
    • Old High German: *krammōn
  • Old Norse:

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*krammōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 301
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