< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kundijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kand- (“to shine, glow”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkun.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kundijaną[1][2]

  1. to light up, to kindle

Inflection
Conjugation of *kundijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kundijō*kundijaų—*kundijai ?
2nd singular *kundīsi*kundijais*kundī*kundijasai*kundijaisau
3rd singular *kundīþi*kundijai*kundijaþau*kundijaþai*kundijaiþau
1st dual *kundijōs*kundijaiw———
2nd dual *kundijaþiz*kundijaiþiz*kundijaþiz——
1st plural *kundijamaz*kundijaim—*kundijanþai*kundijainþau
2nd plural *kundīþ*kundijaiþ*kundīþ*kundijanþai*kundijainþau
3rd plural *kundijanþi*kundijain*kundijanþau*kundijanþai*kundijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kundidǭ*kundidēdį̄
2nd singular *kundidēz*kundidēdīz
3rd singular *kundidē*kundidēdī
1st dual *kundidēdū*kundidēdīw
2nd dual *kundidēdudiz*kundidēdīdiz
1st plural *kundidēdum*kundidēdīm
2nd plural *kundidēdud*kundidēdīd
3rd plural *kundidēdun*kundidēdīn
present past
participles *kundijandz*kundidaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *kundijan
    • Old High German: *kunden
      • Middle High German: künden, künten
  • Old Norse: kynda

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kundjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 310-311
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*kunđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 224
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