< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/niwjōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Related to *niwjaz (“new”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈniu̯.jɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*niwjōną

  1. to renew, to make new

Inflection
Conjugation of *niwjōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *niwjō*niwjǭ—*niwjōi ?
2nd singular *niwjōsi*niwjōs*niwjō*niwjōsai*niwjōsau
3rd singular *niwjōþi*niwjō*niwjōþau*niwjōþai*niwjōþau
1st dual *niwjōs*niwjōw———
2nd dual *niwjōþiz*niwjōþiz*niwjōþiz——
1st plural *niwjōmaz*niwjōm—*niwjōnþai*niwjōnþau
2nd plural *niwjōþ*niwjōþ*niwjōþ*niwjōnþai*niwjōnþau
3rd plural *niwjōnþi*niwjōn*niwjōnþau*niwjōnþai*niwjōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *niwjōdǭ*niwjōdēdį̄
2nd singular *niwjōdēz*niwjōdēdīz
3rd singular *niwjōdē*niwjōdēdī
1st dual *niwjōdēdū*niwjōdēdīw
2nd dual *niwjōdēdudiz*niwjōdēdīdiz
1st plural *niwjōdēdum*niwjōdēdīm
2nd plural *niwjōdēdud*niwjōdēdīd
3rd plural *niwjōdēdun*niwjōdēdīn
present past
participles *niwjōndz*niwjōdaz

Alternative reconstructions

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *niuwjōn
    • Old English: nīewian, nīwian
    • Old Saxon: *niuwōn
      • Middle Low German: nǖwen, nīen
    • Old Dutch: *niuwon
      • Middle Dutch: niewen
        • Dutch: nieuwen (dialectal)
    • Old High German: niuwōn
      • Middle High German: niuwen
  • Old Norse: nýja

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*neuwōjan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 285
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