< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sparāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From *sparaz (“sparing, frugal”) +‎ *-āną

Verb

*sparāną[1]

  1. to be thrifty; be conservative; be sparing

Inflection
Conjugation of *sparāną (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sparō ?— ? ?
2nd singular *sparaisi ?*sparai*sparāsai ?
3rd singular *sparaiþi ?*sparāþau*sparāþai ?
1st dual *sparōs ?———
2nd dual *sparāþiz ?*sparāþiz——
1st plural *sparāmaz ?—*sparānþai ?
2nd plural *sparaiþ ?*sparaiþ*sparānþai ?
3rd plural *sparānþi ?*sparānþau*sparānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sparadǭ*sparadēdį̄
2nd singular *sparadēz*sparadēdīz
3rd singular *sparadē*sparadēdī
1st dual *sparadēdū*sparadēdīw
2nd dual *sparadēdudiz*sparadēdīdiz
1st plural *sparadēdum*sparadēdīm
2nd plural *sparadēdud*sparadēdīd
3rd plural *sparadēdun*sparadēdīn
present past
participles *sparāndz*sparadaz
  • *sparaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *sparēn
    • Old English: sparian
    • Old Frisian: sparia, spara
      • Saterland Frisian: spoarje
      • West Frisian: sparje
    • Old Saxon: sparōn
    • Old High German: sparēn, sparōn
    • → Vulgar Latin: sparāniō (attested in the Reichenau Glossary)
      • Italo-Romance:
        • Italian: sparagnare ⇒ risparmiare
          • Central dialects: sparagnà ⇒ risparagnà, resparagnà, risparmià, risparambià
        • Neapolitan: sparagnà
        • Sicilian: sparagnari
      • Padanian:
        • Emilian: sparmier, sparer ⇒ rasparar, arsparmier
        • Lombard: spargnar, sparmir
        • Piedmontese: spargné
        • Romagnol: sparmier, sparanear ⇒ arpsamear
      • Northern Gallo-Romance:
        • Franc-Comtois: éparmaî
        • Franco-Provençal: épargnèr, éparmar
          Valdôtain: éparmir
        • Old Bourgignon: arsparmer, esparmer
          • ⇒ Bourguignon: reparmer
        • Old French: espargnier, esparigner, esparnier, esparnir, esparner, aperner
        • Walloon: spârgnî
      • Southern Gallo-Romance:
        • Occitan: esparnhar
  • Old Norse: spara

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*sparēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 362
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.