< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stahlijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *stahlą (“steel”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈstɑx.li.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stahlijaną[1]

  1. to temper, to harden, to steel

Inflection
Conjugation of *stahlijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stahlijō*stahlijaų—*stahlijai ?
2nd singular *stahlīsi*stahlijais*stahlī*stahlijasai*stahlijaisau
3rd singular *stahlīþi*stahlijai*stahlijaþau*stahlijaþai*stahlijaiþau
1st dual *stahlijōs*stahlijaiw———
2nd dual *stahlijaþiz*stahlijaiþiz*stahlijaþiz——
1st plural *stahlijamaz*stahlijaim—*stahlijanþai*stahlijainþau
2nd plural *stahlīþ*stahlijaiþ*stahlīþ*stahlijanþai*stahlijainþau
3rd plural *stahlijanþi*stahlijain*stahlijanþau*stahlijanþai*stahlijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stahlidǭ*stahlidēdį̄
2nd singular *stahlidēz*stahlidēdīz
3rd singular *stahlidē*stahlidēdī
1st dual *stahlidēdū*stahlidēdīw
2nd dual *stahlidēdudiz*stahlidēdīdiz
1st plural *stahlidēdum*stahlidēdīm
2nd plural *stahlidēdud*stahlidēdīd
3rd plural *stahlidēdun*stahlidēdīn
present past
participles *stahlijandz*stahlidaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *stahlijan
    • Old English: stilan
    • Old Saxon: *stelian
    • Old High German: stehelen, stahelen
      • Middle High German: stehelen, stahelen
  • Old Norse: stæla

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*staxljanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 369
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