< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sturnāną
Proto-Germanic
Alternative reconstructions
- *sturrāną[1]
Etymology
Kroonen suggests that this verb could be nasal infix present to Proto-Indo-European *sterh₁- (“to be stiff”).[2] The infix caused a consonant alternation in the root, the singular *str-néh₁-ti would result in a root with *sturr-. Whereas the plural *str-nh₁-énti would result in a root with *sturn-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈstur.nɑː.nɑ̃/
Inflection
The paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *sturr- against *sturn-.
Conjugation of *sturnāną (weak class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *sturnō | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd singular | *sturnaisi | ? | *sturnai | *sturnāsai | ? |
| 3rd singular | *sturnaiþi | ? | *sturnāþau | *sturnāþai | ? |
| 1st dual | *sturnōs | ? | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *sturnāþiz | ? | *sturnāþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *sturnāmaz | ? | — | *sturnānþai | ? |
| 2nd plural | *sturnaiþ | ? | *sturnaiþ | *sturnānþai | ? |
| 3rd plural | *sturnānþi | ? | *sturnānþau | *sturnānþai | ? |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *sturnadǭ | *sturnadēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *sturnadēz | *sturnadēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *sturnadē | *sturnadēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *sturnadēdū | *sturnadēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *sturnadēdudiz | *sturnadēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *sturnadēdum | *sturnadēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *sturnadēdud | *sturnadēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *sturnadēdun | *sturnadēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *sturnāndz | *sturnadaz | |||
Conjugation of *sturrāną (weak class 3)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *sturrō | ? | — | ? | ? |
| 2nd singular | *sturraisi | ? | *sturrai | *sturrāsai | ? |
| 3rd singular | *sturraiþi | ? | *sturrāþau | *sturrāþai | ? |
| 1st dual | *sturrōs | ? | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *sturrāþiz | ? | *sturrāþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *sturrāmaz | ? | — | *sturrānþai | ? |
| 2nd plural | *sturraiþ | ? | *sturraiþ | *sturrānþai | ? |
| 3rd plural | *sturrānþi | ? | *sturrānþau | *sturrānþai | ? |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *sturradǭ | *sturradēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *sturradēz | *sturradēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *sturradē | *sturradēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *sturradēdū | *sturradēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *sturradēdudiz | *sturradēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *sturradēdum | *sturradēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *sturradēdud | *sturradēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *sturradēdun | *sturradēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *sturrāndz | *sturradaz | |||
Related terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *storrēn, *stornēn
- Old High German: storrēn, stornēn
- Middle High German: storren
- Old High German: storrēn, stornēn
- Gothic: *𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽 (*staurran)
- ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽 (andstaurran)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*sturrēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 384
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sturnēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 488
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