< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/truttōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *dr̥tnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *trudaną (“to tread”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈtrut.tɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*truttōną.[1]

  1. to tread, trample, trot

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *trutt- against non-singular *trud-.

Conjugation of *truttōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *truttō*truttǭ—*truttōi ?
2nd singular *truttōsi*truttōs*truttō*truttōsai*truttōsau
3rd singular *truttōþi*truttō*truttōþau*truttōþai*truttōþau
1st dual *truttōs*truttōw———
2nd dual *truttōþiz*truttōþiz*truttōþiz——
1st plural *truttōmaz*truttōm—*truttōnþai*truttōnþau
2nd plural *truttōþ*truttōþ*truttōþ*truttōnþai*truttōnþau
3rd plural *truttōnþi*truttōn*truttōnþau*truttōnþai*truttōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *truttōdǭ*truttōdēdį̄
2nd singular *truttōdēz*truttōdēdīz
3rd singular *truttōdē*truttōdēdī
1st dual *truttōdēdū*truttōdēdīw
2nd dual *truttōdēdudiz*truttōdēdīdiz
1st plural *truttōdēdum*truttōdēdīm
2nd plural *truttōdēdud*truttōdēdīd
3rd plural *truttōdēdun*truttōdēdīn
present past
participles *truttōndz*truttōdaz

Descendants

West germanic has two further variants one continuing the zero-grade vowel from *tredaną and the other from *trudaną

  • Proto-West Germanic: *trottōn
    • Old English: tryddian (with unexpected umlaut)
    • Old Frisian: trottia
      • West Frisian: troaie
    • Old Dutch: *trotton, *troton
    • Old High German: trotōn
    • → Medieval Latin: *trottō, *trotō
  • ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *trettōn
    • Old English: treddian
    • Old Frisian: *treddia
    • Old Saxon: *treddōn
      • Middle Low German: tredden, trēden
    • Old Dutch: *treddon, *tretton
    • Old High German: trettōn
  • Old Norse: *troða
    • Elfdalian: troðå

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*trett/don- - *trutt/don-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 522
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