Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twinganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unclear, seems to be closely related *þwinhaną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtwiŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*twinganą

to press
to squeeze

Inflection

Conjugation of *twinganą (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*twingō	*twingaų	—	*twingai	?
2nd singular	*twingizi	*twingaiz	*twing	*twingazai	*twingaizau
3rd singular	*twingidi	*twingai	*twingadau	*twingadai	*twingaidau
1st dual	*twingōz	*twingaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*twingadiz	*twingaidiz	*twingadiz	—	—
1st plural	*twingamaz	*twingaim	—	*twingandai	*twingaindau
2nd plural	*twingid	*twingaid	*twingid	*twingandai	*twingaindau
3rd plural	*twingandi	*twingain	*twingandau	*twingandai	*twingaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*twang	*twungį̄
2nd singular	*twanht	*twungīz
3rd singular	*twang	*twungī
1st dual	*twungū	*twungīw
2nd dual	*twungudiz	*twungīdiz
1st plural	*twungum	*twungīm
2nd plural	*twungud	*twungīd
3rd plural	*twungun	*twungīn

	present	past
participles	*twingandz	*twunganaz

Derived terms

*twangijaną

Related terms

*þwangiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *twingan
- Old English: twingan
  - Middle English: twingen
- >? Old Dutch: *twingan
  - >? Middle Dutch: twingen (might reflect the causative twengen instead)
- Old High German: *zwingan
  - Middle High German: zwingen
    - German: zwingen (likely conflated with the descendant of *þwinhaną)

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