< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/četvьrgъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ketwirgas, derived from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwr̥-. Cognate with Lithuanian ketvérgis (“four-year”), dialectal ketvérgė (“20 kopecks coin”). Compare Samogitian ketvergs (“Thursday”) – borrowed from Slavic languages?

Noun

*četvьrgъ m[1][2]

  1. (originally) pertaining to four
  2. (East Slavic) Thursday

Declension
Declension of *četvьrgъ (hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *četvьrgъ *četvьrga *četvьrdzi
genitive *četvьrga *četvьrgu *četvьrgъ
dative *četvьrgu *četvьrgoma *četvьrgomъ
accusative *četvьrgъ *četvьrga *četvьrgy
instrumental *četvьrgъmь, *četvьrgomь* *četvьrgoma *četvьrgy
locative *četvьrdzě *četvьrgu *četvьrdzěxъ
vocative *četvьrže *četvьrga *četvьrdzi
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: четвьргъ (četvĭrgŭ), четвьркъ (četvĭrkŭ)
      • Old Ruthenian: четвергъ (četverh), четверкъ (četverk), четверъ (četver), чотвергъ (čotverh)
        • Belarusian: чацве́р (čacvjér), (dialectal) че́цве́р (čjécvjér), чэ́цьвяр (čécʹvjar)
        • Carpathian Rusyn: четве́рь (četvérʹ)
        • Ukrainian: четве́р (četvér)
        • → Lithuanian: četver̃gas
      • Russian: четве́рг (četvérg), (dialectal) четве́рик (četvérik)
    • Old Novgorodian: цетвьрге (cetvĭrge)

References
  1. Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*četvьrgъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 94
  2. Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1976), “četvŕ̥gъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 2 (caca – davьnota), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 182

Further reading
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2012), “четвер”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 6 (У – Я), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 313: “псл. *četvꙺr̥gъ ― psl. *četvꙺr̥g”
  • Vasmer, Max (1973) “четве́рг”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 4 (Т – Ящур), Moscow: Progress, page 351: “праслав. *četvьrgъ ― praslav. *četvʹrg”
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