< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/(j)apa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms
  • *(j)apъ m

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ōp-, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁op-.

Noun

*(j)apa f[1][2]

  1. expectation, assumption, suspicion, opinion

Declension
Declension of *(j)apa (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *(j)apa *(j)apě *(j)apy
genitive *(j)apy *(j)apu *(j)apъ
dative *(j)apě *(j)apama *(j)apamъ
accusative *(j)apǫ *(j)apě *(j)apy
instrumental *(j)apojǫ, *(j)apǫ** *(j)apama *(j)apami
locative *(j)apě *(j)apu *(j)apasъ, *(j)apaxъ*
vocative *(j)apo *(j)apě *(j)apy
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁op-‎ (0 c, 2 e)
  • *(j)apati, *(j)apěti
  • *(j)apьnъ
  • *ne(j)apьnъ
  • *neza(j)apъ
  • *neza(j)apьnъ
  • *jьzne(j)apa, *jьzne(j)apy

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: апа (apa)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      • Church Slavonic: апа (apa) (Russian recension)

References
  1. Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*apa?”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 71
  2. Shaposhnikov, A. K. (2010) “внезапный”, in Этимологический словарь современного русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Contemporary Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1: (А – Начальство), Moscow: Flinta; Nauka, →ISBN, page 126: “*(й)апа, *(й)апъ ― *(j)apa, *(j)ap”

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964) “внеза́пно”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – Д), Moscow: Progress, page 328
  • Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*apati : *apěti”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 157
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*apati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 71
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1974), “*apьnъjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 1 (*a – *besědьlivъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 72
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*jьz neapa / *jьz neapy”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 9
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1997), “*nejapьnъjь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 24 (*navijati (sę)/*navivati (sę) – *nerodimъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 134
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*neza(j)apъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 89
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*nezajapьnъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 89
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