Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/němьcь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *němъ (“mute”) +‎ *-ьcь. The word therefore meant "someone unable to speak [Slavic]"; however, some hypotheses hold this was an observation on the relative stoic personalities of some Germanic tribesmen.

Noun

*němьcь m[1]

foreigner, non-Slav
specifically, a member of the Germanic peoples

Declension

Declension of *němьcь (soft o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*němьcь	*němьca	*němьci
genitive	*němьca	*němьcu	*němьcь
dative	*němьcu	*němьcema	*němьcemъ
accusative	*němьcь	*němьca	*němьcę̇
instrumental	němьcьmь, němьcemь^*	*němьcema	*němьci
locative	*němьci	*němьcu	*němьcixъ
vocative	*němьče	*němьca	*němьci

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*němьčьskъ

Antonyms

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: нѣмьць (němĭcĭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: нѣмецъ (němecʹ), нѣмець (němecʹ)
    - Belarusian: не́мец (njémjec)
    - Ukrainian: ні́мець (nímecʹ)
  - Russian: не́мец (némec)
- Old Novgorodian: нѣмьць (němĭcĭ), нимьць (nimĭcĭ)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: нѣмьць (němĭcĭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱀⱑⰿⱐⱌⱐ (němĭcĭ)
- Bulgarian: немец (nemec)
- Macedonian: Немец (Nemec)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: Не́мац, Није́мац
  
  Latin script: Némac, Nijémac
- Slovene: Nẹ́məc (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: Němec
- Kashubian: Miemc
- Lower Sorbian: Nimc
- Masurian: Niéniec
- Polish: Niemiec
- Silesian: Mjymjec
- Slovak: Nemec
- Upper Sorbian: Němc

Non-Slavic:
- → German: Nimptsch (surname with many variants)
- → Hungarian: német
- → Ottoman Turkish: نمچه (nemçe) (see there for further descendants)
- → Romanian: neamț

References

Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*němьcь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 103

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[1] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1999), “*němьcь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 25 (*neroditi – *novotьnъ(jь)), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 103