Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/peťera

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From *peťь (“oven”) +‎ *-era, from *peťi (“to bake”) + *-tь.

Probably unrelated to Latin specus (“cave”)

Noun

*peťera f

cave

Declension

Declension of *peťera (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*peťera	*peťerě	*peťery
genitive	*peťery	*peťeru	*peťerъ
dative	*peťerě	*peťerama	*peťeramъ
accusative	*peťerǫ	*peťerě	*peťery
instrumental	peťerojǫ, peťerǫ^**	*peťerama	*peťerami
locative	*peťerě	*peťeru	peťerasъ, peťeraxъ^*
vocative	*peťero	*peťerě	*peťery

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*pečura (possibly)

Derived terms

*peťerьnъ

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: печера (pečera)
  - Belarusian: пячо́ра (pjačóra)
  - → Polish: pieczara (possibly)
    - → Kashubian: pieczara (proscribed)
  - Russian: печо́ра (pečóra)
    - ⇒ Russian: печу́рка (pečúrka)
  - Ukrainian: пече́ра (pečéra)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: пещера (peštera)
  - Bulgarian: пещера́ (pešterá)
  - → Russian: пеще́ра (peščéra)
- Macedonian: пештера (peštera)
- Serbo-Croatian: — (пѐћина)
West Slavic
- Kashubian: piecara
→ Aromanian: pishtireauã
→ Romanian: peșteră

Wiesław Boryś (2005) “pieczara”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego, Wydawnictwo Literackie, page 427
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “печо́ра”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “пещера”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “пещера”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 30
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “печурка”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 29
Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1902) “печера”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎ (in Russian), volumes 2 (Л – П), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 927
France Bezlaj, Marko Snoj, Metka Furlan (1995) “pejca”, in Etimološki slovar slovenskega jezika, volume 3, Mladinska Knjiga, page 21

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