< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rarogъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Usually believed to be from *rarъ (“noise”) or *rarati (“to make noise”) + *-ogъ. If not, from *rajati (“to make noise”) + *-ogъ. The name refers to the sounds the bird makes. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *rā-, compare Lithuanian rojóti (“to crow”), Proto-Germanic *rairāną (“to roar”).

Since some descendants (Polish, Czech, Slovak, and Ukrainian (from Polish)), or their derivatives, mean “devil”, “demon”, “gnome” etc., some scholars tried to connect the word with *Sъvarogъ (“Svarog (Slavic god of fire)”), with *rarogъ being Svarog's bird demonized durning Christianization. However, both words have different etymologies, and the oldest attestations of these words (Old Czech, Old Polish, Old Ruthenian) mean only “saker”.

Noun

*rarogъ m[1]

  1. saker (any bird of the species Falco cherrug)
verbs

Declension
Declension of *rarogъ (hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *rarogъ *raroga *rarodzi
genitive *raroga *rarogu *rarogъ
dative *rarogu *rarogoma *rarogomъ
accusative *rarogъ *raroga *rarogy
instrumental *rarogъmь, *rarogomь* *rarogoma *rarogy
locative *rarodzě *rarogu *rarodzěxъ
vocative *rarože *raroga *rarodzi
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants
  • South Slavic:
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: раров (“species of eagle”) (dialectal)
      Latin script: rarov (“species of eagle”) (dialectal)
    • >? Serbo-Croatian: rarog (“lobster”) (Croatia)
      • Chakavian Serbo-Croatian: rȁrog, rarȍg (“lobster”)
        • → Slovene: rárog (“lobster”)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: raroh
    • Kashubian: raróg
    • Old Polish: raróg
      • Polish: raróg; reróg (dialectal)
        • → Old Lithuanian: raragas
      • →? Old Ruthenian: рарогъ (raroh), рарѡгъ (rarôh)
        • Belarusian: рарог (raróh)
        • Ukrainian: ра́ріг (rárih), ра́рог (rároh), рарія f (rarija) (dialectal)
          • → Polish: rarîg
    • Slovak: rároh
      • ⇒ Slovak: rárašek, járog, rárožica
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: rаrоh

References
  1. Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “Suf. -ogъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 67

Further reading
  • Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “raróg”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 510
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “ра́ріг”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 28
  • Tsykhun, G. A., editor (2006), “рарог”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 11 (раб – сая́н), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 106
  • Machek, Václav (1968) “raroh”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 508
  • Rejzek, Jiří (2001) “raroh”, in Český etymologický slovník [Czech Etymological Dictionary] (in Czech), 1st edition, Voznice: LEDA, →ISBN, page 554
  • Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007) “rojóti”, in Słownik etymologiczny je̜zyka litewskiego‎ (in Polish), Vilnius: Uniwersytet Wileński, page 1036
  • Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “raróg”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 454
  • Snoj, Marko (2016) “rȃrog”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
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