< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/öpke

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Perhaps related to Manchu ᡠᡶᡠᡥᡠ (ufuhu, “lung”).

Noun

*öpke

  1. lung
  2. anger

Declension
Declension of *öpke
Singular 3)
Nominative *öpke
Accusative *öpkeni, *öpkeg 4), *öpkenig 1)
Genitive *öpkeniŋ
Dative *öpkeke
Locative *öpkede
Ablative *öpkeden
Allative *öpkegerü
Instrumental 2) *öpken
Equative 2) *öpkeče
Similative 2) *öpkeleyü
Comitative 2) *öpkeligü
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghur
    • Chuvash: ӳпке (üpke)
  • Common Turkic: *öpke
  • Oghuz
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Eastern
      • Turkmen: öýken
  • Karluk
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (öpke)
    • Eastern
    • Western
      • Uzbek: oʻpka
  • Kypchak
  • Siberian
    • Old Turkic: [script needed] (öpke) (Yenisei)
    • Sayan
      • Tofa: өъкпэ (ö"kpe)
      • Tuvan: өкпе (ökpe)
      • Dukhan: öʰkpe
    • Yenisei

Further reading
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 9
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, page 540
  • Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, pages 276-277
  • Jegorov, V. G. (1964) “ӳпке”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ čuvašskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Chuvash Language] (in Russian), Cheboksary: Čuvašskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, page 280
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