Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gesteran

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gesteran, from *gesteraz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyésteros, + *-n.

Adverb

*gesteran

yesterday

Alternative forms

*gestran[1][2]

Related terms

Proto-West Germanic: *gester
- Old English: ġister, ġestor
  - Middle English: yester-, yister-
    - English: yester-
- ⇒ Old English: ġister dæġ, ġestor dæġ
  - Middle English: yesterday, yisterday, ȝesterdai, ȝisterdai
    - English: yesterday
    - Scots: yisterday, yesterday
- ⇒ Old English: ġister ǣfen
  - Middle English: yestereen
    - English: yestereen
    - Scots: yestereen
Proto-West Germanic: *gesterē
- Old High German: gestre, gestere
  - Middle High German: gester

Descendants

Old English: ġiestran, ġeostran, ġiestron, ġistran
- ⇒ Old English: ġiestrandæġ, ġeostrandæġ, ġierstandæġ, ġyrstandæġ
Old Dutch: gestaron
- Middle Dutch: gisteren
  - Dutch: gisteren
Old High German: gesteron, gesteren
- Middle Low German: gestern
  - Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: gestarn, ghéstan
    
    Mòcheno: gester
  - German: gestern

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gestra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 175-176
Friedrich Kluge (1989) “gestern”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 263: “wg. *gestra-”

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[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*gestra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 175-176

[2] Friedrich Kluge (1989) “gestern”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 263: “wg. *gestra-”