< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/stabnijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *stabnijaną, equivalent to *stabnu (“voice”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*stabnijan

  1. to make oneself be heard
  2. to tune an instrument
  3. to vote
Inflection
Class 1 weak
Infinitive *stabnijan
1st sg. past *stabnidā
Infinitive *stabnijan
Genitive infin. *stabnijannjas
Dative infin. *stabnijannjē
Instrum. infin. *stabnijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *stabniju *stabnidā
2nd singular *stabnisi *stabnidēs, *stabnidōs
3rd singular *stabniþi *stabnidē, *stabnidā
1st plural *stabnijum *stabnidum
2nd plural *stabniþ *stabnidud
3rd plural *stabnijanþ *stabnidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *stabnijē *stabnidī
2nd singular *stabnijēs *stabnidī
3rd singular *stabnijē *stabnidī
1st plural *stabnijēm *stabnidīm
2nd plural *stabnijēþ *stabnidīd
3rd plural *stabnijēn *stabnidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *stabni
Plural *stabniþ
Present Past
Participle *stabnijandī *stabnid
Alternative reconstructions
  • *stamnijan
Descendants
  • Old English: stemnan, stefnan
  • Old Frisian: *stemma
    • West Frisian: stimme
    • ⇒ Old Frisian: tōjēnisstemma
  • Old Saxon: *stemnian
  • Old Dutch: *stemnen
  • >? Old High German: *stimmen (< *stibnijan?)
    • Middle High German: stimmen
    • ⇒ Old High German: gistimmen

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *stabnijaną, equivalent to *stabn (“stem of a ship”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*stabnijan

  1. to direct, steer
Inflection
Class 1 weak
Infinitive *stabnijan
1st sg. past *stabnidā
Infinitive *stabnijan
Genitive infin. *stabnijannjas
Dative infin. *stabnijannjē
Instrum. infin. *stabnijannju
Indicative Present Past
1st singular *stabniju *stabnidā
2nd singular *stabnisi *stabnidēs, *stabnidōs
3rd singular *stabniþi *stabnidē, *stabnidā
1st plural *stabnijum *stabnidum
2nd plural *stabniþ *stabnidud
3rd plural *stabnijanþ *stabnidun
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular *stabnijē *stabnidī
2nd singular *stabnijēs *stabnidī
3rd singular *stabnijē *stabnidī
1st plural *stabnijēm *stabnidīm
2nd plural *stabnijēþ *stabnidīd
3rd plural *stabnijēn *stabnidīn
Imperative Present
Singular *stabni
Plural *stabniþ
Present Past
Participle *stabnijandī *stabnid
Descendants
  • Old English: *stefnan
  • Old Saxon: *stefnian
  • Old Dutch: *stefnen
    • Middle Dutch: *stēvenen
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