< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stabnijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈstɑβ.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From *stabnō (“voice”) +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*stabnijaną

  1. to make oneself be heard
  2. to tune an instrument
  3. to vote
Inflection
Conjugation of *stabnijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stabnijō*stabnijaų—*stabnijai ?
2nd singular *stabnīsi*stabnijais*stabnī*stabnijasai*stabnijaisau
3rd singular *stabnīþi*stabnijai*stabnijaþau*stabnijaþai*stabnijaiþau
1st dual *stabnijōs*stabnijaiw———
2nd dual *stabnijaþiz*stabnijaiþiz*stabnijaþiz——
1st plural *stabnijamaz*stabnijaim—*stabnijanþai*stabnijainþau
2nd plural *stabnīþ*stabnijaiþ*stabnīþ*stabnijanþai*stabnijainþau
3rd plural *stabnijanþi*stabnijain*stabnijanþau*stabnijanþai*stabnijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stabnidǭ*stabnidēdį̄
2nd singular *stabnidēz*stabnidēdīz
3rd singular *stabnidē*stabnidēdī
1st dual *stabnidēdū*stabnidēdīw
2nd dual *stabnidēdudiz*stabnidēdīdiz
1st plural *stabnidēdum*stabnidēdīm
2nd plural *stabnidēdud*stabnidēdīd
3rd plural *stabnidēdun*stabnidēdīn
present past
participles *stabnijandz*stabnidaz
Alternative reconstructions
  • *stamnijaną
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *stabnijan
    • Old English: stemnan, stefnan
    • Old Frisian: *stemma
      • West Frisian: stimme
      • ⇒ Old Frisian: tōjēnisstemma
    • Old Saxon: *stemnian
    • Old Dutch: *stemnen
    • >? Old High German: *stimmen (< *stibnijan?)
      • Middle High German: stimmen
      • ⇒ Old High German: gistimmen
  • Old Norse: stefna

Etymology 2

From *stabnaz (“stem of a ship”) +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*stabnijaną

  1. to direct, steer
Inflection
Conjugation of *stabnijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stabnijō*stabnijaų—*stabnijai ?
2nd singular *stabnīsi*stabnijais*stabnī*stabnijasai*stabnijaisau
3rd singular *stabnīþi*stabnijai*stabnijaþau*stabnijaþai*stabnijaiþau
1st dual *stabnijōs*stabnijaiw———
2nd dual *stabnijaþiz*stabnijaiþiz*stabnijaþiz——
1st plural *stabnijamaz*stabnijaim—*stabnijanþai*stabnijainþau
2nd plural *stabnīþ*stabnijaiþ*stabnīþ*stabnijanþai*stabnijainþau
3rd plural *stabnijanþi*stabnijain*stabnijanþau*stabnijanþai*stabnijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stabnidǭ*stabnidēdį̄
2nd singular *stabnidēz*stabnidēdīz
3rd singular *stabnidē*stabnidēdī
1st dual *stabnidēdū*stabnidēdīw
2nd dual *stabnidēdudiz*stabnidēdīdiz
1st plural *stabnidēdum*stabnidēdīm
2nd plural *stabnidēdud*stabnidēdīd
3rd plural *stabnidēdun*stabnidēdīn
present past
participles *stabnijandz*stabnidaz
Alternative reconstructions
  • *stamnijaną
Descendants
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