चौंकाना
Hindi
FWOTD – 17 December 2018
| Hindi verb set |
|---|
| चौंकना (ca͠uknā) |
| चौंकाना (ca͠ukānā) |
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /t͡ʃɔ̃ː.kɑː.nɑː/, [t͡ʃɔ̃ː.käː.näː]
Verb
चौंकाना • (ca͠ukānā) (transitive)
- to surprise, startle, alarm
- 2017 December 14, “गुजरात चुनाव: 7 एग्जिट पोल में BJP को बहुमत, कांग्रेस को 70-80 सीटें मिलने का अनुमान [gujrāt cunāv: 7 egjiṭ pol mẽ BJP ko bahumat, kāṅgres ko 70-80 sīṭẽ milne kā anumān]”, in Dainik Bhaskar:
- कांग्रेस अध्यक्ष राहुल गांधी ने दावा किया था कि गुजरात के नतीजे चौंकाने वाले होंगे।
- kāṅgres adhyakṣ rāhul gāndhī ne dāvā kiyā thā ki gujrāt ke natīje ca͠ukāne vāle hoṅge.
- Congress president Rahul Gandhi has claimed that the results of Gujarat [election] will be startling.
- to arouse, awaken, alert
Conjugation
Impersonal forms of चौंकाना
| Undeclined | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stem | चौंका ca͠ukā | ||||
| Infinitive | चौंकाना ca͠ukānā | ||||
| Oblique Infinitive | चौंकाने ca͠ukāne | ||||
| Conjunctive | चौंकाकर, चौंकाके ca͠ukākar, ca͠ukāke | ||||
| Progressive | चौंकाते-चौंकाते ca͠ukāte-ca͠ukāte | ||||
| Participles | |||||
| dir m s | m p obl m s |
f s | f p | ||
| Infinitive | चौंकाना ca͠ukānā |
चौंकाने ca͠ukāne |
चौंकानी ca͠ukānī |
चौंकानीं ca͠ukānī̃ | |
| Habitual | चौंकाता ca͠ukātā |
चौंकाते ca͠ukāte |
चौंकाती ca͠ukātī |
चौंकातीं ca͠ukātī̃ | |
| Perfective | चौंकाया ca͠ukāyā |
चौंकाये1 ca͠ukāye1 |
चौंकायी1 ca͠ukāyī1 |
चौंकायीं1 ca͠ukāyī̃1 | |
| Prospective Agentive |
चौंकानेवाला ca͠ukānevālā |
चौंकानेवाले ca͠ukānevāle |
चौंकानेवाली ca͠ukānevālī |
चौंकानेवालीं ca͠ukānevālī̃ | |
| Adjectival | Perfective | चौंकाया हुआ ca͠ukāyā huā |
चौंकाये हुए1 ca͠ukāye hue1 |
चौंकायी हुई1 ca͠ukāyī huī1 |
चौंकायी हुईं1 ca͠ukāyī huī̃1 |
| Habitual | चौंकाता हुआ ca͠ukātā huā |
चौंकाते हुए ca͠ukāte hue |
चौंकाती हुई ca͠ukātī huī |
चौंकाती हुईं ca͠ukātī huī̃ | |
1The participles चौंकाये (ca͠ukāye), चौंकायी (ca͠ukāyī) and चौंकायीं (ca͠ukāyī̃) can also be spelled without the y: चौंकाए (ca͠ukāe), चौंकाई (ca͠ukāī) and चौंकाईं (ca͠ukāī̃).
Personal forms of चौंकाना
| Non-Aspectual | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||||||
| 1st मैं |
2nd तू |
3rd यह/वह, ये/वो |
2nd तुम |
1st हम |
3rd, 2nd ये/वो/वे, आप | |||
| Indicative | PERF | m | चौंकाया ca͠ukāyā |
चौंकाये1 ca͠ukāye1 | ||||
| f | चौंकायी1 ca͠ukāyī1 |
चौंकायीं1 ca͠ukāyī̃1 | ||||||
| FUT | m | चौंकाऊँगा ca͠ukāūṅgā |
चौंकायेगा4 ca͠ukāyegā4 |
चौंकाओगे ca͠ukāoge |
चौंकायेंगे4 ca͠ukāyeṅge4 | |||
| f | चौंकाऊँगी ca͠ukāūṅgī |
चौंकायेगी4 ca͠ukāyegī4 |
चौंकाओगी ca͠ukāogī |
चौंकायेंगी4 ca͠ukāyeṅgī4 | ||||
| Subjunctive | FUT | m f |
चौंकाऊँ ca͠ukāū̃ |
चौंकाये2 ca͠ukāye2 |
चौंकाओ ca͠ukāo |
चौंकायें2 ca͠ukāyẽ2 | ||
| Contrafactual | PST | m | चौंकाता ca͠ukātā |
चौंकाते ca͠ukāte | ||||
| f | चौंकाती ca͠ukātī |
चौंकातीं ca͠ukātī̃ | ||||||
| Imperative | PRS | m f |
चौंका ca͠ukā |
चौंकाओ ca͠ukāo |
चौंकाइये3 ca͠ukāiye3 | |||
| FUT | m f |
चौंकाइयो ca͠ukāiyo |
चौंकाना ca͠ukānā |
चौंकाइयेगा3 ca͠ukāiyegā3 | ||||
| Habitual Aspect | ||||||||
| Indicative | PRS | m | चौंकाता हूँ ca͠ukātā hū̃ |
चौंकाता है ca͠ukātā hai |
चौंकाते हो ca͠ukāte ho |
चौंकाते हैं ca͠ukāte ha͠i | ||
| f | चौंकाती हूँ ca͠ukātī hū̃ |
चौंकाती है ca͠ukātī hai |
चौंकाती हो ca͠ukātī ho |
चौंकाती हैं ca͠ukātī ha͠i | ||||
| PST | m | चौंकाता था ca͠ukātā thā |
चौंकाते थे ca͠ukāte the | |||||
| f | चौंकाती थी ca͠ukātī thī |
चौंकाती थीं ca͠ukātī thī̃ | ||||||
| Presumptive | PRS PST |
m | चौंकाता हूँगा ca͠ukātā hūṅgā |
चौंकाता होगा ca͠ukātā hogā |
चौंकाते होगे ca͠ukāte hoge |
चौंकाते होंगे ca͠ukāte hoṅge | ||
| f | चौंकाती हूँगी ca͠ukātī hūṅgī |
चौंकाती होगी ca͠ukātī hogī |
चौंकाती होगी ca͠ukātī hogī |
चौंकाती होंगी ca͠ukātī hoṅgī | ||||
| Subjunctive | PRS | m | चौंकाता हूँ ca͠ukātā hū̃ |
चौंकाता हो ca͠ukātā ho |
चौंकाते हो ca͠ukāte ho |
चौंकाते हों ca͠ukāte hõ | ||
| f | चौंकाती हूँ ca͠ukātī hū̃ |
चौंकाती हो ca͠ukātī ho |
चौंकाती हो ca͠ukātī ho |
चौंकाती हों ca͠ukātī hõ | ||||
| Contrafactual | PST | m | चौंकाता होता ca͠ukātā hotā |
चौंकाते होते ca͠ukāte hote | ||||
| f | चौंकाती होती ca͠ukātī hotī |
चौंकाती होतीं ca͠ukātī hotī̃ | ||||||
| Perfective Aspect | ||||||||
| Singular | Plural | |||||||
| 1st मैं |
2nd तू |
3rd यह/वह, ये/वो |
2nd तुम |
1st हम |
3rd, 2nd ये/वो/वे, आप | |||
| Indicative | PRS | m | चौंकाया हूँ ca͠ukāyā hū̃ |
चौंकाया है ca͠ukāyā hai |
चौंकाये हो1 ca͠ukāye ho1 |
चौंकाये हैं1 ca͠ukāye ha͠i1 | ||
| f | चौंकायी हूँ1 ca͠ukāyī hū̃1 |
चौंकायी है1 ca͠ukāyī hai1 |
चौंकायी हो1 ca͠ukāyī ho1 |
चौंकायी हैं1 ca͠ukāyī ha͠i1 | ||||
| PST | m | चौंकाया था ca͠ukāyā thā |
चौंकाये थे1 ca͠ukāye the1 | |||||
| f | चौंकायी थी1 ca͠ukāyī thī1 |
चौंकायी थीं1 ca͠ukāyī thī̃1 | ||||||
| FUT | m | चौंकाया हूँगा ca͠ukāyā hūṅgā |
चौंकाया होगा ca͠ukāyā hogā |
चौंकाये होगे1 ca͠ukāye hoge1 |
चौंकाये होंगे1 ca͠ukāye hoṅge1 | |||
| f | चौंकायी हूँगी1 ca͠ukāyī hūṅgī1 |
चौंकायी होगी1 ca͠ukāyī hogī1 |
चौंकायी होगी1 ca͠ukāyī hogī1 |
चौंकायी होंगी1 ca͠ukāyī hoṅgī1 | ||||
| Presumptive | PRS PST |
m | चौंकाया हूँगा ca͠ukāyā hūṅgā |
चौंकाया होगा ca͠ukāyā hogā |
चौंकाये होगे1 ca͠ukāye hoge1 |
चौंकाये होंगे1 ca͠ukāye hoṅge1 | ||
| f | चौंकायी हूँगी1 ca͠ukāyī hūṅgī1 |
चौंकायी होगी1 ca͠ukāyī hogī1 |
चौंकायी होगी1 ca͠ukāyī hogī1 |
चौंकायी होंगी1 ca͠ukāyī hoṅgī1 | ||||
| Subjunctive | PRS | m | चौंकाया हूँ ca͠ukāyā hū̃ |
चौंकाया हो ca͠ukāyā ho |
चौंकाये हो1 ca͠ukāye ho1 |
चौंकाये हों1 ca͠ukāye hõ1 | ||
| f | चौंकायी हूँ1 ca͠ukāyī hū̃1 |
चौंकायी हो1 ca͠ukāyī ho1 |
चौंकायी हो1 ca͠ukāyī ho1 |
चौंकायी हों1 ca͠ukāyī hõ1 | ||||
| FUT | m | चौंकाया होऊँ ca͠ukāyā hoū̃ |
चौंकाया होए ca͠ukāyā hoe |
चौंकाये होओ1 ca͠ukāye hoo1 |
चौंकाये होएँ1 ca͠ukāye hoẽ1 | |||
| f | चौंकायी होऊँ1 ca͠ukāyī hoū̃1 |
चौंकायी होए1 ca͠ukāyī hoe1 |
चौंकायी होओ1 ca͠ukāyī hoo1 |
चौंकायी होएँ1 ca͠ukāyī hoẽ1 | ||||
| Contrafactual | PST | m | चौंकाया होता ca͠ukāyā hotā |
चौंकाये होते1 ca͠ukāye hote1 | ||||
| f | चौंकायी होती1 ca͠ukāyī hotī1 |
चौंकायी होतीं1 ca͠ukāyī hotī̃1 | ||||||
| Progressive Aspect | ||||||||
| Indicative | PRS | m | चौंका रहा हूँ ca͠ukā rahā hū̃ |
चौंका रहा है ca͠ukā rahā hai |
चौंका रहे हो ca͠ukā rahe ho |
चौंका रहे हैं ca͠ukā rahe ha͠i | ||
| f | चौंका रही हूँ ca͠ukā rahī hū̃ |
चौंका रही है ca͠ukā rahī hai |
चौंका रही हो ca͠ukā rahī ho |
चौंका रही हैं ca͠ukā rahī ha͠i | ||||
| PST | m | चौंका रहा था ca͠ukā rahā thā |
चौंका रहे थे ca͠ukā rahe the | |||||
| f | चौंका रही थी ca͠ukā rahī thī |
चौंका रही थीं ca͠ukā rahī thī̃ | ||||||
| FUT | m | चौंका रहा हूँगा ca͠ukā rahā hūṅgā |
चौंका रहा होगा ca͠ukā rahā hogā |
चौंका रहे होगे ca͠ukā rahe hoge |
चौंका रहे होंगे ca͠ukā rahe hoṅge | |||
| f | चौंका रही हूँगी ca͠ukā rahī hūṅgī |
चौंका रही होगी ca͠ukā rahī hogī |
चौंका रही होगी ca͠ukā rahī hogī |
चौंका रही होंगी ca͠ukā rahī hoṅgī | ||||
| Presumptive | PRS PST FUT |
m | चौंका रहा हूँगा ca͠ukā rahā hūṅgā |
चौंका रहा होगा ca͠ukā rahā hogā |
चौंका रहे होगे ca͠ukā rahe hoge |
चौंका रहे होंगे ca͠ukā rahe hoṅge | ||
| f | चौंका रही हूँगी ca͠ukā rahī hūṅgī |
चौंका रही होगी ca͠ukā rahī hogī |
चौंका रही होगी ca͠ukā rahī hogī |
चौंका रही होंगी ca͠ukā rahī hoṅgī | ||||
| Subjunctive | PRS | m | चौंका रहा हूँ ca͠ukā rahā hū̃ |
चौंका रहा हो ca͠ukā rahā ho |
चौंका रहे हो ca͠ukā rahe ho |
चौंका रहे हों ca͠ukā rahe hõ | ||
| f | चौंका रही हूँ ca͠ukā rahī hū̃ |
चौंका रही हो ca͠ukā rahī ho |
चौंका रही हो ca͠ukā rahī ho |
चौंका रही हों ca͠ukā rahī hõ | ||||
| FUT | m | चौंका रहा होऊँ ca͠ukā rahā hoū̃ |
चौंका रहा होए ca͠ukā rahā hoe |
चौंका रहे होओ ca͠ukā rahe hoo |
चौंका रहे होएँ ca͠ukā rahe hoẽ | |||
| f | चौंका रही होऊँ ca͠ukā rahī hoū̃ |
चौंका रही होए ca͠ukā rahī hoe |
चौंका रही होओ ca͠ukā rahī hoo |
चौंका रही होएँ ca͠ukā rahī hoẽ | ||||
| Contrafactual | PST | m | चौंका रहा होता ca͠ukā rahā hotā |
चौंका रहे होते ca͠ukā rahe hote | ||||
| f | चौंका रही होती ca͠ukā rahī hotī |
चौंका रही होतीं ca͠ukā rahī hotī̃ | ||||||
| 1st मैं |
2nd तू |
3rd यह/वह, ये/वो |
2nd तुम |
1st हम |
3rd, 2nd ये/वो/वे, आप | |||
| Singular | Plural | |||||||
1The participles चौंकाये (ca͠ukāye), चौंकायी (ca͠ukāyī) and चौंकायीं (ca͠ukāyī̃) can also be spelled without the y: चौंकाए (ca͠ukāe), चौंकाई (ca͠ukāī) and चौंकाईं (ca͠ukāī̃).
2The forms चौंकाये (ca͠ukāye) and चौंकायें (ca͠ukāyẽ) can also be spelled without the y: चौंकाए (ca͠ukāe) and चौंकाएँ (ca͠ukāẽ).
3The forms चौंकािये (ca͠ukāiye) and चौंकाियेगा (ca͠ukāiyegā) can also be spelled without the y: चौंकािए (ca͠ukāie) and चौंकािएगा (ca͠ukāiegā).
4The forms चौंकायेगा (ca͠ukāyegā), चौंकायेंगे (ca͠ukāyeṅge), चौंकायेगी (ca͠ukāyegī) and चौंकायेंगी (ca͠ukāyeṅgī) can also be spelled without the y: चौंकाएगा (ca͠ukāegā), चौंकाएँगे (ca͠ukāeṅge), चौंकाएगी (ca͠ukāegī) and चौंकाएँगी (ca͠ukāeṅgī).
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “चौंकाना”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
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