< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kweraną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-, cognate with Lithuanian gùrti (“to scream”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkwe.rɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kweraną[1][2]

  1. to sigh

Inflection
Conjugation of *kweraną (strong class 4)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwerō*kweraų—*kwerai ?
2nd singular *kwirizi*kweraiz*kwer*kwerazai*kweraizau
3rd singular *kwiridi*kwerai*kweradau*kweradai*kweraidau
1st dual *kwerōz*kweraiw———
2nd dual *kweradiz*kweraidiz*kweradiz——
1st plural *kweramaz*kweraim—*kwerandai*kweraindau
2nd plural *kwirid*kweraid*kwirid*kwerandai*kweraindau
3rd plural *kwerandi*kwerain*kwerandau*kwerandai*kweraindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwar*kwērį̄
2nd singular *kwart*kwērīz
3rd singular *kwar*kwērī
1st dual *kwērū*kwērīw
2nd dual *kwērudiz*kwērīdiz
1st plural *kwērum*kwērīm
2nd plural *kwērud*kwērīd
3rd plural *kwērun*kwērīn
present past
participles *kwerandz*kuranaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *kweran
    • ⇒ Old English: *cweart
    • Old Saxon: *kweran
    • Old High German: kweran, queran
      • ⇒ Old High German: irkweran, irqueran

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kweran-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 317
  2. Seebold, Elmar (1970) “KWER-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 317
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