< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wraistijaną
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *wrey- (“to turn; wrap; bind”), an extended form of *wer- (“to bend; turn”). Related to Proto-Germanic *wristuz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈwrɑi̯s.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/
Inflection
Conjugation of *wraistijaną (weak class 1)
| active voice | passive voice | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
| 1st singular | *wraistijō | *wraistijaų | — | *wraistijai | ? |
| 2nd singular | *wraistīsi | *wraistijais | *wraistī | *wraistijasai | *wraistijaisau |
| 3rd singular | *wraistīþi | *wraistijai | *wraistijaþau | *wraistijaþai | *wraistijaiþau |
| 1st dual | *wraistijōs | *wraistijaiw | — | — | — |
| 2nd dual | *wraistijaþiz | *wraistijaiþiz | *wraistijaþiz | — | — |
| 1st plural | *wraistijamaz | *wraistijaim | — | *wraistijanþai | *wraistijainþau |
| 2nd plural | *wraistīþ | *wraistijaiþ | *wraistīþ | *wraistijanþai | *wraistijainþau |
| 3rd plural | *wraistijanþi | *wraistijain | *wraistijanþau | *wraistijanþai | *wraistijainþau |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
| 1st singular | *wraistidǭ | *wraistidēdį̄ | |||
| 2nd singular | *wraistidēz | *wraistidēdīz | |||
| 3rd singular | *wraistidē | *wraistidēdī | |||
| 1st dual | *wraistidēdū | *wraistidēdīw | |||
| 2nd dual | *wraistidēdudiz | *wraistidēdīdiz | |||
| 1st plural | *wraistidēdum | *wraistidēdīm | |||
| 2nd plural | *wraistidēdud | *wraistidēdīd | |||
| 3rd plural | *wraistidēdun | *wraistidēdīn | |||
| present | past | ||||
| participles | *wraistijandz | *wraistidaz | |||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *wraistijan
- Old English: wrǣstan
- Middle English: wresten, wrasten, wræsten
- English: wrest
- Middle English: wresten, wrasten, wræsten
- Old English: wrǣstan
- Old Norse: reista, *vreista
- Danish: vriste
- Norwegian: vriste
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*wraistjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 471
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