Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skuldōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *skuldōną. Equivalent to *skuldi +‎ *-ōn.

Verb

*skuldōn

to owe

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*skuldōn
1st sg. past	*skuldōdā
Infinitive	*skuldōn
Genitive infin.	*skuldōnijas
Dative infin.	*skuldōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*skuldōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*skuldō	*skuldōdā
2nd singular	*skuldōs	skuldōdēs, skuldōdōs
3rd singular	*skuldōþ	skuldōdē, skuldōdā
1st plural	*skuldōm	*skuldōdum
2nd plural	*skuldōþ	*skuldōdud
3rd plural	*skuldōnþ	*skuldōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*skuldō	*skuldōdī
2nd singular	*skuldōs	*skuldōdī
3rd singular	*skuldō	*skuldōdī
1st plural	*skuldōm	*skuldōdīm
2nd plural	*skuldōþ	*skuldōdīd
3rd plural	*skuldōn	*skuldōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*skuldō
Plural	*skuldōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*skuldōndī	*skuldōd

Related terms

*skuldijan

Descendants

Old Saxon: *skuldōn
- Middle Low German: schulden
  - → Icelandic: skulda
  - → Norwegian:
    Norwegian Bokmål: skulde
    
    Norwegian Nynorsk: skulde, skulda
Old High German: skuldōn
- Middle High German: schulden
  - German: schulden

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