Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ingek

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Derived from the unattested root *in- and cognate to *in-gen (“female camel”).

Akin to Khitan 𘭌 (*uni, “ox”) and Proto-Mongolic *ünixen (“cow”), compare Mongolian үнээ (ünee). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*ingek

cow

Declension

Declension of *ingek

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*ingek
Accusative	ingekni, ingekig ⁴⁾, *ingeknig ¹⁾
Genitive	*ingekniŋ
Dative	*ingekke
Locative	*ingekde
Ablative	*ingekden
Allative	*ingekgerü
Instrumental ²⁾	*ingekin
Equative ²⁾	*ingekče
Similative ²⁾	*ingekleyü
Comitative ²⁾	*ingekligü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Related terms

*in
*ingen
*-gak

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: ӗне (ĕne)
Common Turkic:

Medieval:
- Karakhanid: اِنكاكْ (ingek), اِنْكَكْ (ingek)
- Old Turkic:
  - Old Turkic: 𐰃𐰤𐰏𐰛 (ingek)
  - Old Uyghur: ՚ynk՚k (ingek)
- Kipchak:
  - Kipchak: [script needed] (inek)
  - Mamluk-Kipchak: [Arabic needed] (inek)
- Khorezmian: [script needed] (inek)
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: inək
  - Ottoman Turkish: اینك (inek)
    - Gagauz: inek
    - Turkish: inek
- Salar: inek
Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
  - Kumyk: инек (inek)
  - Karachay-Balkar: ийнек (iynek)
- South Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak
    - Kyrgyz: инек (inek)
    - Southern Altai: ийнек (iynek), инек (inek)
Karluk:
- Chagatai: اینک (inek)
  - Uyghur: ئىنەك (inek)
Siberian:
- North Siberian:
  - Yakut: ынах (ınaq)
- South Siberian:
  - Western Yugur: [script needed] (inek)
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: инек (inek)
    - Tofa: инэк
    - Soyot: инэк (inek), инәк
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: інек (ìnek)
    - Shor: инек
→ Hungarian: ünő


dog: *ït	hunting dog: *eker	hen: *tiakïgu
lark: *torgay	dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin	quail: *bïldurčïn
sparrow: *serče	hawk, falcon: *kïrguy	goose: *kāŕ
wolf: *bȫrü	cow: *ingek	calf: *buŕagu
camel: *tebe	young of camel: kȫĺek, botu	horse: *at
foal: *kulun	worm: *kūrt	snake: *yï̄lan
fox: *tilkü	goat: *keči	he-goat: *teke
lion: *arsïlan	fish: *bālïk	carp bream: *čapak
donkey: *eĺčgek	carp: *siāŕgan	catfish: *yāyïn
beaver: *kunduŕ	hedgehog: *kirpi	badger: *borsmuk
fly, mosquito: *siŋek	wasp, bee: *ārï	gadfly: *bȫgen
moth: *küńe	louse: *bït	earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
yak: *kotuz	colt: *sïp	dragon: *siāŕgan
worm: *kūrt	deer: keyik, sïgun, bulan, bugu	lizard: *keleŕ

References

Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*in-gek (/*ɨn-gak), *in-ken”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ingek”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 184

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