< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kunduŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Unknown. Eren (1999) argues that this word is composed of *kund (“?”) + *-uŕ (“deverbal noun-making suffix”).

Often compared with Proto-Ugric *kuntɜ (“beaver”), whence Hungarian hód, Northern Mansi хунтыль (huntylʹ). Both loaning directions (Turkic → Ugric, Ugric → Turkic) have been proposed.[1][2]

Original meaning of this root, beaver, is contaminated in select languages with the secondary semantic derivation of otter.

Noun

*kunduŕ

  1. beaver
  2. otter

Declension
Declension of *kunduŕ
Singular 3)
Nominative *kunduŕ
Accusative *kunduŕnï, *kunduŕug 4), *kunduŕnïg 1)
Genitive *kunduŕnïŋ
Dative *kunduŕka
Locative *kunduŕta
Ablative *kunduŕtan
Allative *kunduŕgaru
Instrumental 2) *kunduŕun
Equative 2) *kunduŕča
Similative 2) *kunduŕlayu
Comitative 2) *kunduŕlugu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: хӑнтӑр (hănt̬ăr)
  • Common Turkic: *kunduz
  • Oghuz:
    • West Oghuz:
      • Old Anatolian Turkish:
        • Azerbaijani: qunduz
        • Ottoman Turkish: قوندوز (kunduz), قوندز (kunduz)
          • Turkish: kunduz
          • → Arabic: قُنْدُس (qundus), قُنْدُز (qunduz)
          • → Armenian: խունտուզ (xuntuz)
        • → Middle Armenian: խնդուզ (xnduz), խնտուզ (xntuz)
    • East Oghuz:
      • Turkmen: gunduz
  • Karluk:
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: ҡондоҙ (qondoź)
      • Tatar: кондыз (qondız)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: qunduz
      • Karachay-Balkar: къундуз (qunduz)
      • Kumyk: хундуз (xunduz)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Kazakh: құндыз (qūndyz, “otter”)
      • Nogai: кундыз (kundız)
    • East Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: кундуз (kunduz)
      • Southern Altai: кумдус (kumdus)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Uyghur: kwntwz (kuntuz, “beaver”)
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: кундус (kundus, “otter”)
        • Tofa: һундус (xundus)
      • Yenisei:
        • Khakas: хундус (xundus)
        • Shor: қумдус (kumdus, “lizard”)

See also
Animals in Turkic
dog: *ït hunting dog: *eker hen: *tiakïgu
lark: *torgay dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin quail: *bïldurčïn
sparrow: *serče hawk, falcon: *kïrguy goose: *kāŕ
wolf: *bȫrü cow: *ingek calf: *buŕagu
camel: *tebe young of camel: *kȫĺek, *botu horse: *at
foal: *kulun worm: *kūrt snake: *yï̄lan
fox: *tilkü goat: *keči he-goat: *teke
lion: *arsïlan fish: *bālïk carp bream: *čapak
donkey: *eĺčgek carp: *siāŕgan catfish: *yāyïn
beaver: *kunduŕ hedgehog: *kirpi badger: *borsmuk
fly, mosquito: *siŋek wasp, bee: *ārï gadfly: *bȫgen
moth: *küńe louse: *bït earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
yak: *kotuz colt: *sïp dragon: *siāŕgan
worm: *kūrt deer: *keyik, *sïgun, *bulan, *bugu lizard: *keleŕ

References
  1. Entry #1781 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. Dybo, A. V. (2007) Lingvističeskije kontakty rannix tjurkov: leksičeskij fond, pratjurkskij period [Language contacts of early Turks. The Proto-Turkic period]‎ (in Russian), Moscow: Oriental Literature, Russian Academy of Sciences
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kunduz”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 635
  • The template Template:R:tr:Eren does not use the parameter(s): 
    entry=kunduz
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Eren, Hasan (1999) “Proto-Turkic/kunduŕ”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 267
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) “*kuntuz (< *kuntuŕ)”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 301
  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1963–1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 1534
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